The Sunwake Project

Performance

Everything on this page is computed, not quoted. Friction and air drag come from the hull the offsets generate; residuary resistance is calibrated against the design basis curve; a Michell thin-ship model runs alongside as the physical check. Absolute powers carry roughly ±25–30 % uncertainty, widening near the hump. Comparisons between variants are far tighter. The method, and where to attack it, is in power and energy.

Power curve and resistance breakdown
Power at the bus against speed, with the model's own uncertainty band — and where the drag actually goes. drawings/chart-power.svg

The power curve

Speed (kt)FroudeBus power (kW)kWh per nmWave share
4.00.16971.90.4713 %
5.00.21213.50.7010 %
6.00.25455.90.9810 %
6.50.27578.11.2517 %
7.00.296910.61.5122 %
7.50.318112.51.6719 %
8.00.339314.91.8618 %
8.50.360519.72.3226 %
9.00.381725.62.8433 %
9.50.40333.93.5741 %
10.00.424243.54.3547 %
11.00.466659.75.4349 %
12.00.50974.46.2047 %
15.00.6362108.07.2031 %

What the boat's own power sources hold

SourceAvailable (kW)Continuous speed (kt)
Clear noon, 15 kWp array alone11.77.29
Ordinary bright day8.66.60
Haze or shoulder season5.75.93
One generator at its sweet spot (16 kW)16.08.15
One generator at rating20.08.53
Two generators at 16 kW each32.09.39
Two generators at rating40.09.81
Two generators plus noon sun51.710.51
Drives at continuous rating50.010.40
Sprint, two-minute peak120.015.55

The sustained ceiling is set by the drives rather than by the hull: 50 kW of continuous drive rating holds 10.4 knots, and two generators plus noon sun would hold about the same. That is a well-matched plant rather than a coincidence.

Weight is the lever. Every 500 kg out of the boat is worth about 0.11 knots at solar noon, which is why the weight ledger is treated as a performance instrument.

The rating reference plane

Every power figure in this project is DC electrical input at the high-voltage bus. Some vendor catalogues rate shaft output instead, and on this boat that difference decides a pass or a fail:

Reference planeBank draw at sprintC-rate on 128 kWhAgainst the ≤ 1C limit
DC input at the bus120.0 kW0.938Cpasses, thinly
shaft output133.3 kW1.042Cover the limit

Silent endurance

Speed (kt)Bus power (kW)Dark (hours)Dark (nm)With bright-day sun (nm)
5.03.529.26146.3unlimited in daylight
6.05.917.36104.1unlimited in daylight
7.010.69.6667.6358.4
7.512.58.1961.4196.9
8.014.96.8755.0130.0
8.519.75.244.278.4
9.025.64.036.054.2
10.043.52.3523.529.3

Generator range on 600 L of HVO

Speed (kt)kWh per nmRange (nm)
7.01.5141149–1268
7.51.6671044–1152
8.01.862934–1031
8.52.318751–828
9.02.844612–675
9.53.568488–538
10.04.35400–441

Fuel converts at 2.9–3.2 kWh of bus energy per litre. The 600 nm passage requirement is met with real reserve at 8–8.5 knots and only thinly at 9.

Maine seasonal energy balance and silent range
The Maine season, the free miles it buys, and the silent range on 102 kWh of usable battery. drawings/chart-energy.svg

The Maine season

MonthSolar (kWh/day)Load (kWh/day)NetFree miles/day
April57.023.433.614.4
May63.615.548.120.7
June68.412.755.723.9
July67.211.555.723.9
August60.011.548.520.8
September49.213.236.015.5
October34.818.516.37.0

Free miles are priced at 8 knots including a 25 % weather and fouling margin. Over the season the array harvests about 12,232 kWh against a load of about 3,246 — roughly 3,860 free nautical miles a year. November goes negative and the boat hauls out.

Twin-hull interference

Twin-hull interference factor against speed
At a hull spacing of one third the waterline length, the two wave systems partly cancel at 7–7.5 knots and reinforce at 8.5–9 — directly on top of the silent cruise and the single-generator passage speed. drawings/chart-interference.svg

This is the first thing CFD should check. If the dip is real it is worth more than any other hull decision available; if the hump is real it argues for either a different spacing or a different passage speed. Discussion in the hull form study.

Computed hydrostatics

QuantityValue
Displacement, half load12.68 t
Draft, canoe body0.675 m
Demihull waterline beam1.404 m
Length to beam10.68
Volumetric slenderness L/∇^⅓8.17
Prismatic coefficient Cp0.592
Midship coefficient Cm0.735
Block coefficient Cb0.435
Waterplane coefficient Cwp0.731
LCB53.9 % LWL
LCF58.1 % LWL
Maximum section area0.696 m² at 60 % LWL
Wetted surface, both hulls48.4 m²
Waterplane, both hulls30.80 m²
Tonnes per cm immersion0.316
KB / BMt / GMt0.44 / 15.9 / 14.5 m
Transom immersion109 mm
Entrance half-angle5.9°

Source data: data/power_curve.csv, data/endurance.csv, data/generator_range.csv, data/solar_monthly.csv, data/interference.csv, data/hydrostatics.json.